Rise and Spread of Islam Class 7 – Rise and Spread of Islam Chapter-3 (ICSE)

 

Rise and Spread of Islam

Class 7 – Rise and Spread of Islam
            Chapter-3 (ICSE)

              As per the NEP  and ICSE Syllabus (2024-25)

 

Terms/Keywords that are used:

Astronomy: the scientific study of the San, moon, stars, and planets.

Caliph: the successor of Prophet Mohammad.

Denounced: to strongly disapprove of something that you think is wrong. 

Emigrated: to leave one's own country and settle in another country.

Intermingling: to mix people, ideas, colors,

Kaaba: the building in the center of the Great Mosque in Mecca, most holy to the   
            Muslims and towards which they must face when they are praying.

Monotheism: the belief that there is only one God.

Pilgrimage: the journey was undertaken to visit a site of religious importance.

Prophet: a person who is believed to have been sent by God to teach the people and
               spread His message among them.

Revelations: a fact that people are made aware of

Nomadic: people who wander from one place to another.

Ramzan: the ninth month of the Muslim year during which Muslims fast.

Hijrat: migration of Prophet Mohammad from Mecca to Medina.

Calligraphy: the art of beautiful handwriting.

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PRACTICE AND LEARN

(A) Tick the correct option.

1. Who propounded Islam and in which century did it emerge in Arabia?

a. Jesus in the 4th century CE

b. Buddha in the 5th century CE

c. Prophet Mohammad in the 7th century CE   

d. Confucius in the 6th century CE

2. What was the primary occupation of the inhabitants of Arabia's southwest region before   
    Islam?

a. Trade

c. Fishing

b. Agriculture

d. Hunting

3. What was the primary basis for the formation of tribes (qabila) in pre-Islamic Arabia?

a. Geographical location

b. Political affiliations

c. Blood relations

d. Religious beliefs

4. What is the name of the mountain where Prophet Mohammad used to pray and meditate?

a. Mount Everest

h. Mount Kilimanjaro

c. Mount Sinai

d. Mount Hira

5. What are the five pillars of Islam?

a. Faith, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, and Pilgrimage to Jerusalem

b. Faith, Prayer, Zakat, Fasting, and Pilgrimage to Mecon

c. Belief in one God, Prayer (salat). Alms (zakat).Fasting (sawm) Pilgrimage (hajj) to
                Mecca(A)

d. Belief in many Gods, Prayer, Fasting. Charity and Pilgrimage to Mecca

6. What event marked the beginning of the Muslim calendar?

a. Mohammad's death

b. Mohammad's migration from Mecca to Medina (Hirat)

c. Mohammad's victory over Mecca in 630 CE

d.  Abu Bakr started the first Caliph

7 What was the major goal of the Caliphate?

a. To spread Islam throughout the world

b. To maintain authority over the tribes and produce wealth for the state

c. To establish a democratic government

d. To build a strong military to defend the Muslim lances

8. Whicj Dynasty succeeded the Umauuada and founded Baghdad as their new capital?

a. The Safavids

b. The Abbasids

c. The Mamluks

d. The Ottoman

Ans:

1. (c),   2. ((a),    3. (c),    4. (d),    5. (c),   6. (b), 7. (b),  8. (b).             

(B) Fill in the blanks:

1. Prophet Mohammad was born in ……….

2. Prophet Mohammad had the vision of Angel Gabriel at .......

3. Mohammad forbade ...........worship and stressed the importance of .......... behavior. and..........

4. Islam means ............. of Allah.

5. The flight of Prophet Mohammad from ............ to ............ is called Hijrat.

6. Muslims have to fast in the month of .............

7. The two holy places of Muslims are .... and .....

8. Mohammad was succeeded in  ..... who was known as the Caliph

Answer:

1. Prophet Mohammad was born in 570 CE.

2. Prophet Mohammad had the vision of Angel Gabriel at Mount Hira.

3. Mohammad forbade idol worship and stressed the importance of good behavior and kind.

4. Islam means the Submission of Allah.

5. The flight of Prophet Mohammad from  Mecca to.Madina  is called Hijrat.

6. Muslims have to fast in the month of Ramadan.

7. The two holy places of Muslims are Mecca and  Madina.

8. Mohammad was succeeded in  632, by Abu Bakr who was known as th Caliph.

(C) Match the Column:

Match the items given in Column A with those given in Column B:

Column A 1. Hijri             2. Abbasid Caliphs 3. Месса 4. Baghdad 5. Ramzan

Column B a. fasting b. repository of the cultural heritage of the ancient world c. magnificent Arab civilization d. Muslim calendar e. pilgrimage

Answer:

Column A 1. Hijri (d) 2. Abbasid Caliphs (c) 3. Месса (e) 4. Baghdad (b) 5. Ramzan (a)

Column B a. fasting b. repository of the cultural heritage of the ancient world c. magnificent Arab civilization d. Muslim calendar e. pilgrimage

(D) State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. The Medieval Period in India stretches from the 8th century CE to the 16th century CE.

2. Mecca is the most important holy place for Muslims.

3. The Quran contains revelations to Prophet Mohammad by Allah.

4. Prophet Mohammad migrated from Baghdad to Месса.

5. The Arab empire under the Abbasid Caliphs was one of the most powerful and enlightened regions in the world.

6. By the 9th century CE, the power of the Caliphs declined.

Answer:

1- (F), 2- (T), 3-(T), 4-(F), 5-(T), 6-(T)

E) Answer the following questions in one or two words/sentences.

1. Where was Prophet Mohammad born?

Ans:

Prophet Mohammad was born in Mecca.

2. What does the term Islam mean?

Ans:

The word “Islam” means “submission to the will of God.”

3. What does the term "Hijrat stand for?

Ans: “Leaving home and place for the sake of God is and settling in other place is called Hijrat”.

4. By what name are the believers of Islam known?

Ans: People who follow Islam are called Muslims, which literally means "submitters to God".

Muslims are monotheistic and worship Allah,

5. Which dynasty took over the first four successors of Prophet Mohammad?

Ans:

The Rashidun Caliphate was the first dynasty to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad after his death in 632 CE.

The Rashidun Caliphate lasted from 632 to 661 CE and was ruled by the first four caliphs, or successors, of Muhammad:

v   Abu Bakr: Ruled from 632–634

v   Umar: Ruled from 634–644

v   Uthman: Ruled from 644–656

v   Ali: Ruled from 656–661.

6. Who was Abu Bakr?

Ans:

Abu Bakr was the father-in-law and closest companion of the Prophet Muhammad, the founder of Islam.

(F) Answer the following questions.

1. What were the conditions in Arabia before the emergence of Islam?

Ans:

Agriculture was predominant in the southwest region of Arabia, the coastal region along the Red Sea. Before the emergence of Islam, the people of Arabia were divided into two main groups: the city dwellers or settled folk, and the wandering Bedouins or dwellers of the desert. These people were divided into a number of friendly clans called tribes (qabila). These tribes were organized on the basis of blood relationships. The head of the tribes was called the 'Sheikh' and was partly chosen on the basis of his family connections and more on the basis of his courage, wisdom and generosity. These tribes were constantly at war with each other. Each tribe had its own God, who was worshipped as an idol (sanam) in a shrine (masjid).

2. Describe the Kaaba and its significance.

Ans:

The Kaaba is first House of Worship for mankind, and that it was built by Ibrahim and Ismail on Allah's instructions:  the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for mankind.

3. How did Islam expand its influence outside the Arab territories?

Ans:

Islam spread from its origins in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century to other regions through a variety of means, including:

Military conquest: The first Arab Muslim empire was created by conquering territory in the Byzantine and Sasanian empires. The Rashidun Caliphate, the first four successors of Muhammad, are credited with military expansion.

Trade: The development of the maritime Silk Roads encouraged trade, which enabled Muslims to monopolize the East-West trade. Muslim ships stopped at various ports to be supplied with water and food, be repaired, or to wait for changes in wind direction. These interactions resulted in further expansion of Islam to the Indian Subcontinent, China, and the southeastern islands of modern Indonesia or the Philippines.

Missionaries: Islamic culture spread through missionaries.

Migration: Forced migration, such as slavery or refugees, and voluntary migration, such as economic migration, have played a role since the 15th century.

Daʿwah: The act of inviting others to Islam

4. What were the main teachings of Islam?

Ans:

The Basic teachings of Islamic faith are:

(a) belief in the oneness of Allah,

(b) belief in the prophets and in the guidance that they bequeathed,

(c) belief in the angels,

(d) belief in the books,

(e) belief in the Day of Judgment, and

(f) belief in fate. Whoever professes these beliefs is a Muslim.

In other words:

The teaching of Islam states that Allah is eternal, absolute, all-powerful and merciful. It also states that the purpose of human existence is to worship Allah. The book, Quran Sharif, provides guidance on how humans shall behave in life.

5. Why did Prophet Mohanmunad shift from Mecca to Medina? Discuss the events that followed this move.

Ans:

Prophet Muhammad forbade idol worship and stressed on the importance of good behavior. He faced considerable opposition from affluent Meccans who took offense to the rejection of their deity because it would undermine the older religious beliefs. Prophet Muhammed was forced to flee from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE.

6. Write a short note un the Umayyard and Abbasid Dynasties.

 Ans:

The Umayyads, the initial Muslim dynasty, was founded in 661 in Damascus. Their rule followed the leadership of the first four caliphs—Abū Bakr, ʿUmar I, ʿUthmān, and ʿAlī. Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān, a native of Mecca and a contemporary of the Prophet Muḥammad, established the dynasty. The Umayyad reign in Damascus lasted for under a century before being overthrown in 750 by the ʿAbbāsid dynasty. However, a branch of the Umayyad family resurfaced in 756 in Córdoba, Spain, and continued to rule there until the 11th century.

The Abbasids, an Arabic dynasty, rose to power in 750 CE and initially governed most of the Islamic empire, except for certain western regions. Although their empire eventually fractured, they continued to hold spiritual authority as caliphs until 1258 CE.

PICTURE STUDY

(A) This is a picture of a mosque where Muslims go to pray

1. Name: Masjid Nabuvi

a. their religion,

b. their holy book, and

c. the founder of their religion.

Ans:

Masjid-e-Nabuvi,

Islam,

Quran,

Mohammad (SAW)

2. Name the two holy places of the Muslims.

Ans:

Mecca and Madina

3. Why does the Muslim calendar begin from the year 622 СЕ?

Ans:

The Islamic calendar is based on the Hijri age, which marks the Islamic New Year in 622 CE. This significant year commemorates the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina, where they established the first Muslim community (ummah). This event is celebrated as hijrah.

4. Mention any four important principles of this religion.

Ans:

The five pillars – the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salah), alms-giving (zakat), fasting (Ramazan), and pilgrimage (hajj) – form the fundamental principles of Islamic practice. Muslims around the world uphold these pillars regardless of their ethnic, regional, or sectarian backgrounds.

5. Briefly describe the role of Abu Bakr in the spread of this religion.

Ans:

During his time as caliph, Abu Bakr engaged in battles with Arabian tribes who opposed his rule. His efforts ultimately led to the unification of Arabia under Muslim authority. Subsequently, he dispatched military forces to the regions known today as Syria and Iraq, marking the beginning of a series of conquests that extended the influence of Islam far beyond the borders of Arabia.

REASON IT

A. The Abbasisis were considered holy

Ans:

The Abbasids were considered holy because they claimed to belong to the same tribe to which the Prophet Mohammad belonged

B. Mecca and Medina are recognized as holy places for Muslims.

Ans:

Mecca holds great significance in the Islamic faith as it is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad. Medina, located nearby, is the second most sacred place in Islam, where the Prophet Muhammad sought refuge during his temporary exile and where he was laid to rest upon his passing.

C. Muslims believe in monotheism.

Ans:

Absolutely, Muslims adhere to monotheism, known as Tawheed in Islam, signifying the belief in one God. As per Islam's sacred scripture, the Qur'an, Allah is the sole creator of the universe and the only being deserving of worship. It emphasizes that Allah is a universal God and dismisses the existence of any other local or tribal gods.

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