Fun With Magnets Full Chapter Class 6 Science | NCERT Science Chapter 13 | Class 6

 

History of Magnets:

According to Greek legend, magnetism was first discovered by a shepherd named Magnes, who lived in Magnesia, Greece. Magnes was herding his sheep through the mountains. Suddenly he noticed the ferrule of his stick and nails in his sandals got stuck to a rock. The iron in his stick and nails had become attracted to the magnetic rock. The stone was named magnetite. Magnetite was first discovered at a place called Magnesia. The substances having the property of attracting iron are now known as magnets.

MAGNETIC AND NON-MAGNETIC MATERIALS:

We understand that magnet attracts certain materials whereas some do not get attracted towards magnet. The materials which get attracted towards a magnet are magnetic – for example, iron, nickel or cobalt. The materials which are not attracted towards a magnet are non-magnetic.

POLES OF MAGNET:

The two poles of the magnet are the north and south poles. The poles of a magnet are its ends. The pole at the beginning or end is called the North Pole and the other is called the South Pole.

MAGNET IS USED TO FINDING DIRECTIONS:

A freely suspended magnet always comes to rest in north-south direction.
The directive property of magnets has been used for centuries to find directions. Around 800 years ago, the Chinese (an emperor in China named Hoang Ti.) discovered that a suspended lode stone stops in the north-south direction. Chinese used these lode stones to find directions.

MAKE YOUR OWN MAGNET:

There are several methods of making magnets. Let us learn the simplest one. Take a rectangular piece of iron. Place it on the table. Now take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near one edge of the bar of iron. Without lifting the bar magnet, move it along the length of the iron bar till you reach the other end.

Now, lift the magnet and bring the pole. Move the magnet again along the iron bar in the same direction as you did before. Repeat this process about 30-40 times. Bring a pin or some iron filings near the iron bar to check whether it has become a magnet.

ATTRACTION AND REPULSION BETWEEN MAGNETS:

When two opposite magnetic poles are close, they attract each other. When like poles are pushed together, there is a force of repulsion. The rule for magnets is that like poles repel and unlike poles attract.

 

KEYWORDS:

Compass,    Magnet,       Magnetite,   North Pole,

South Pole, Attraction,    Repulsion

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise Questions:

1. Fill in the blanks in the following

(i) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as __________, __________ and ____________.

(ii) The materials which are attracted towards a magnet are called________.

(iii) Paper is not a ______ material.

(iv) In the olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of ___________.

(v) A magnet always has __________ poles.

Answer:

(i) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as bar magnet, horse shoe and cylindrical.

(ii) The materials which are attracted towards a magnet are called magnetic.

(iii) Paper is not a magnetic material.

(iv) In the olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of magnet.

(v) A magnet always has two poles.

2. State whether the following statements are true or false:

(i) A cylindrical magnet has only one pole.

(ii) Artificial magnets were discovered in Greece.

(iii) Similar poles of a magnet repel each other.

(iv) Maximum iron filings stick in the middle of a bar magnet when it is brought near them.

(v) Bar magnets always point towards North-South direction.

(vi) A compass can be used to find East-West direction at any place.

(vii) Rubber is a magnetic material.

Answer:

i) False

ii) False

iii) True

iv) False

v) True (Freely suspended bad magnet)

vi) True

vii) False

3. It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet although its body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it.

Answer:

Iron might have been used to make some part of it.

4. Column I shows different positions in which one pole of a magnet is placed near that of the other. Column II indicates the resulting action between them for each situation. Fill in the blanks.

Column – I	Column – II
N-N	_______
N-___	Attraction
S-N	_____
___-S	Repulsion

Answer:

Column – I	Column – II
N-N	Repulsion
N- S	Attraction
S-N	Attraction
S– S	Repulsion

5. Write any two properties of a magnet.

Answer:

Properties of a magnet are as follows

It attracts objects made of Nickel, Cobalt and Iron.

Like poles of two magnets repel each other and opposite poles attract each other.

6. Where are poles of a bar magnet located?

Answer:

On two ends of a bar magnet.

7. A bar magnet has no markings to indicate its poles. How would you find out near which end is its north pole is located?

Answer:

A bar magnet is hung in the air, and the end pointing to the north is the north pole of the magnet.

8. You are given an iron strip. How will you make it into a magnet?

Answer:

Take a bar magnet and keep in contact with one of its poles with one edge of the bar of iron.

Without lifting the bar magnet, move it along the length of the iron bar till you reach the other end.

Lift the magnet and bring the pole (the same pole you started with) to the same point of the iron bar from which we began.

Move the magnet again along the iron bar in the same direction as you did before.

Repeat this process for about 30-40 times.

9. How is a compass used to find directions?

Answer:

A compass always shows north and south directions; by keeping this as a reference, we can always find east and west directions also.

10. A magnet was brought from different directions towards a toy boat that has been floating in water in a tub. The effect observed in each case is stated in Column I. Possible reasons for the observed effects are mentioned in Column II. Match the statements given in Column I with those in Column II.

Column I	Column II
Boat gets attracted towards the magnet	Boat is fitted with a magnet with a north pole towards its head
Boat is not affected by the magnet	Boat is fitted with a magnet with a south pole towards its head
Boat moved towards the magnet when the north pole was brought near its head	Boat has a small magnet fixed along its length
Boat moves away from the magnet when the north pole is brought near its head	Boat is made up of magnetic material
Boat floats without changing its direction	Boat is made up of non-magnetic material

Answer:

Column I	Column II
Boat gets attracted towards the magnet	Boat is made up of magnetic material
Boat is not affected by the magnet	Boat is made up of non-magnetic material
Boat moved towards the magnet when the north pole was brought near its head	Boat is fitted with a magnet with the south pole towards its head
Boat moves away from the magnet when the north pole is brought near its head	Boat is fitted with a magnet with a north pole towards its head
Boat floats without changing its direction	Boat has a small magnet fixed along its length

 

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Components of Food (Chapter-2) Science for class six.

 

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science

Chapter 2 Components of Food

 

Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Textbook Questions Solved

1. Name the major nutrients in our food.
Ans: The major nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
The table below shows the nutrients present in some food items:

2. Name the following: 

(a) The nutrients which mainly give energy to our body.
(b) The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.
(c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eyesight.
(d) A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Ans:
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Calcium

3. Name two foods each rich in:
(a) Fats
(b) Starch
(c) Dietary fibre
(d) Protein
Ans:
(a) Ghee, butter,
(b) Raw potato, rice,
(c) Spinach, cabbage, carrot, ladies finger, (any two)
(d) Milk, egg, fish, meat, pulses (any two).

4. Tick (/) the statements that are correct, and cross (X) those which are incorrect.
(a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfil the nutritional requirement of our bodies,
(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet.
(c) A balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items.
(d) Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body.

5. Fill in the blanks:

(a) ________ is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D.,
(b) Deficiency of_________ causes a disease known as beri-beri.
(c) Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease known as________________ .
(d) Night blindness is caused by to deficiency of_______________ in our food.
Ans:
(a) Rickets
(b) Vitamin B1
(c) Scurvy
(d) Vitamin A

Expected QUESTIONS for Class 6 Science Chapter 2

Class 6 Science Chapter 2 VERY SHORT  ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Do all meals consist of the same food items?  
Ans: No, all meals do not have the same food items.

2. Why should a meal have different food items?
Ans: A meal should have different food items because our body needs different kinds of nutrients for proper functioning.

3. Do all foods contain all the required nutrients?
Ans: No, all foods do not contain sill the nutrients required by our body.

4. Name two main types of carbohydrates found in our food.
Ans:
(i) Starch                                                  (ii) Sugar

5. What are carbohydrates?
Ans: The compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen which provide energy for our body are called carbohydrates.

6. What happens when two or more drops of iodine solution fall on a starch substance?
Ans: The colour of the substance becomes blue-black.

7. If any food item gives a blue-black colour with iodine then which nutrient is present in the food?
Ans: Starch.

8. Name two substances which provide carbohydrates.
Ans:
(i) Potato
(ii) Rice/wheat/maize/sugar

9. Name the food nutrient indicated by an oily patch on paper.
Ans:An oily patch on paper shows the presence of fat.

10. Name two energy-providing nutrients.
Ans:
(i) Carbohydrates
(ii) Fats

11. Name a nutrient which helps in repairing the damaged body cells.
Ans: Proteins.

12. Name two nutrients which protect the body from diseases.
Ans:
(i) Vitamins
(ii) Minerals

13. Name two plant food items which provide proteins.
Ans:
(i) Dal (pulses)
(ii) Soyabean

14. Name two sources of proteins provided by animals.
Ans:
(i) Milk
(ii) Eggs

15. Which type of food is called body-building food?
Ans: The food containing proteins is called body-building food.

16. Name two food items which provide fats.
Ans:
(i) Oils
(ii) Ghee

 17. Name various types of vitamins.
Ans: Various types of vitamins are:

1.    Vitamin A,

2.    Vitamin B-complex,

3.    Vitamin C,

4.    Vitamin D,

5.    Vitamin E,

6.    Vitamin K.

 18. Name a vitamin which represents a group of vitamins.
Ans: Vitamin B-complex.

 19. Name two sources of Vitamin A.
Ans:
(i) Fish-oil
(ii) Milk

 20. Write two sources of Vitamin B.
Ans:
(i) Liver
(ii) Beans

 21. Write two sources of Vitamin C.
Ans:
(i) Orange/lime
(ii) Amla

 22. Write two sources of Vitamin D.
Ans:
(i) Fish
(ii) Butter

 23. What is roughage?  
Ans. The food containing plant fibres which are also known as dietary fibres is called roughage.

24. What is the main function of roughage?
Ans: The main function of roughage is to help our body get rid of undigested food.

25. Name some food items which provide roughage.
Ans: Whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables are the main sources of roughage.

Class 6 Science Chapter 2 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What are nutrients? Name major nutrients.
Ans: The components of food which are needed by our body for growth and development are called nutrients. The major nutrients are:
(i) Carbohydrates
(ii) Fats
(iii) Proteins
(iv) Vitamins
(v) Minerals

2. What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Ans: They complete the energy requirements of the body so they are called energy providing food.

3. Write a test for detecting the presence of starch.
Ans: Take a piece of the food item. Put 2-3 drops of dilute iodine solution on it. If the colour of the food item becomes blue-black, then it indicates the presence of starch in the food item.
(i) Food + Iodine — Blue-black colour (starch present)
(ii)  Food + Iodine — No blue-black colour (no starch present)

4. What are the functions of proteins?
Ans: Proteins are the most important nutrient. They are called body-building food. They help in the growth and repair of damaged cells and tissues of the body. They also help our body to fight against infections. Proteins make our nails, hair and muscles.

5. How can you test presence of proteins in a given food item?
Ans:Take a small quantity of the food item. If the sample is solid, grind it. Put some part of this in a clean test tube, add 10 drops of water to it and shake the test tube. Now, with the help of a dropper, add two drops of solution of copper sulphate and 10 drops of solution of caustic soda to the test tube. Shake well and place the test tube in test tube stand for a few minutes.
Observe the colour of the contents of the test tube. If the colour of the contents turns violet, the food item contains protein.
Note: Copper sulphate and caustic soda solutions are harmful. Handle them with care.
Food + water + copper sulphate + caustic soda → violet colour → protein is present.

6. What are fats? Name some fat-containing substances.
Ans: The energy-rich sources of food are called fats. They provide energy to the body. All types of nuts, mustard seeds, milk and butter are the major sources of fat. Like carbohydrates, fats also contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but fats contain less oxygen than carbohydrates.

7. Write a test for detecting, the presence of fat.
Ans: Take a small quantity of the food item. Rub it on a piece of white paper. Observe carefully, you will find that the piece of white paper shows an oily patch on it which indicates that the food item contains fat.

8. What are vitamins? Write various kinds of vitamins.
Ans: They are protective compounds with no energy value. They help in proper body­ functioning and are required by the body in very small quantities. Various kinds of vitamins are—Vitamin A, Vitamin B-complex, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K.

9. People who eat seafood do not suffer from Goitre. Explain.
Ans: It is so because seafood is a rich source of Iodine and Goitre is a deficiency disease caused by to lack of Iodine.

10. Excess intake of fats is harmful to the body because it causes obesity. Would it be harmful for the body to take too much of protein or vitamins in the diet?
Ans. Yes, excess intake of proteins and vitamins in the diet is harmful and may lead to other diseases.

11. Name the vitamin that our body prepares in the presence of sunlight.
Ans: Vitamin D.

12. Name a vitamin that is not present in milk.
Ans: Vitamin C.

13. A patient had stunted growth, swelling on face, discolouration of hair and skin disease. Doctor advised him to eat a lot of pulses, grams, egg white, milk etc. What is wrong with the patient? Explain.
Ans:  The intake of protein is not enough in his diet and all these symptoms are caused by to deficiency of proteins.

14. A small child became very thin and lean and later he became so weak that he could not move. Which nutrients should he eat so as to improve his health?
Ans: Both carbohydrates and proteins.

15. What are the functions of minerals?
Ans: Minerals are a protective part of foods occurring naturally and are needed by our body in small amounts. Minerals are essential for proper growth of the body and for maintaining good health. They do not provide energy. Milk, salt, eggs and green leafy vegetables are the main sources of minerals.

16. Write the functions of water in our body.
Ans: Water helps our body to absorb nutrients from the food. It also helps in removing the waste from the body in the form of urine and sweat. We get water from various types of liquids, fruits and vegetables.

17. What is obesity?
Ans: When a person eats too much fat-containing foods, then the fat gets deposited in his body and he may end up suffering from a condition called obesity.

18. What are deficiency diseases?
Ans: When a person eats such a food continuously for a long time which may not contain a particular nutrient, then this condition is called deficiency of that nutrient. A deficiency of one or more nutrients can cause diseases or disorders in our body. Such types of diseases are known as deficiency diseases.

Class 6 Science Chapter 2 LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. List various types of nutrients and write the functions of each.
Ans. The various types of nutrients are:
(i) Carbohydrates: They are mainly energy-providing nutrients.
(ii) Fats: They provide energy for the body. They give much more energy than carbohydrates if consumed in the same amount.
(iii) Proteins: They are called body-building foods. Proteins help in the formation and repairing of body parts. Skin, hair, muscles, and enzymes are made up of proteins.
(iv) Vitamins: Vitamins help in protecting our body against disease. They also protect eyes, bones, teeth and gums.
(v) Minerals: Minerals are essential for the proper growth of the body and for maintaining good health.

2. What is a balanced diet? Write the components of a balanced diet.
Ans: A diet which provides the right proportion of all the nutrients that our body needs along with roughage and water is called a balanced diet. The various components of balanced diet are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, roughage and water.

 3. Prepare a chart to show various vitamins and minerals and the disorders caused by their deficiency.

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Food Where Does It Come From?(Chapter-2, Science for Class Six)

 

Science Solution Access to NCERT Class 6 Chapter-1, Food.  Where Does It Come From:

NCERT Textbook Questions Solved for Class 6 Science Page-wise.

 

Q. 1. Do you find that all living beings need the same kind of food?
Ans. No, all living beings do not need the same kind of food.

Q.2. Name five plants and their parts that we eat.
Ans. The names of five plants and their parts that we eat are:
(i) Paddy: seeds
(ii) Wheat: seeds
(iii) Mustard plant: seeds and leaves
(iv) Brinjal plant: fruits
(v) Potato plant: stems

Q. 3. Match the items given in column A with those in column B.

Q. 4. Fill up the blanks with the words given:

herbivore, plant, milk, sugarcane, carnivore.
(a) Tiger is a__________ because it eats only meat.
(b) Deer eats only plant products and so is called______________ .
(c) Parrot eats only__________
(d) The_________ that we drink, which comes from cows, buffaloes and goats is
an animal product.
(e) We get sugar from___________ .
Ans. (a) carnivore                                   (b) herbivore                 (c) plant
(d) milk                                     (e) sugarcane

Expected Questions for Class 6 Science Chapter 1

Class 6 Science Chapter 1 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Give two examples where two or more parts of a single plant are used as food.
Ans. Mustard — seeds and leaves,
Pumpkin — fruit and flowers.

Q.2. Name any one plant that grows in water and is eaten as food.
Ans. Lotus — The Stem of a lotus is eaten as food.

Q.3. Suggest any three ways you can think of to anvoid waste of food.
Ans. (i) Avoid leaving food uneaten in meals.
(ii) “Eat to live” and not “live to eat” — excess eating should be avoided.
(iii) Raw food like pulses, grains should be stored properly.

Q.4. Name two sugar producing plants.
Ans. (a) Sugarcane                                           (b) Sugarbeet.

Q.5. Name a non-green plant that we eat.
Ans. Mushroom.

Q.6. What do you call the habit of an individual to eat a particular type of food items commonly?
Ans. Food habit.

Q.7. Compare your food habits with food habits of your friend who lives in Tamil Nadu.
Ans. My food habit: Chapatti, pulses, lassi, rice, vegetables, mustard oil.
Food habit of my friend: Idli, dosa, sambhar, bara, rasam, upma and coconut oil, etc.

Q.8. What items are used to prepare cooked rice?
Ans. Raw rice and water.

Q.9. Study the ingredients of various food items. Do they have some common food ingredients?
Ans. Yes, they have some common ingredients like water, salt, and oil or ghee.

Q.10. What are the two common sources of most of the ingredients of food items?
Ans. (i) Plants                                                  (ii) Animals

Q.11. Name the three products each provided by plants and animals.
Ans. Plant products: Grains, cereals, and vegetables.
Animal products: Milk, egg, and meat.

Q.12. Name three edible (eatable) parts of plants.
Ans. (i) Roots                                        (ii) Fmits                                (iii) Leaves

Q.13. Which part of the plants do we eat generally?
Ans. We generally eat fruits of many plants.

Q. 14. Which type of seeds give more energy, sprouted seeds or normal seeds?
Ans. Sprouted seeds give more energy than normal seeds.

Q.15. What is honey? 
Ans. A sweet substance (liquid) prepared by bees from the riectar, i.e., sweet juice collected from flowers is called honey.

Q.16. Where would you place human beings on the basis of food that they eat?
Ans. Omnivores.

Class 6 Science Chapter 1 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.l. What is food?
Ans. The eatable substances eaten by humans and other animals to get energy for various activities for growth and development is called food.

Q.2. Why should we eat cooked food?
Ans. We should eat cooked food because by cooking we can kill harmful germs and make it germless. Cooked food can be easily digested and absorbed by our body. Cooking also improves the taste of food.

Q.3. Explain the importance of food for living organisms.
Ans. The importance of food is:
(i)  It provides energy to do various activities.
(ii) It helps in growth.
(iii) It helps to repair and replace damaged parts of the body.
(iv) It protects us from infections and diseases.

Q.4.  Explain the various sources of food items and ingredients with the help of examples.
Ans.  There are mainly two sources of ingredients of various food items:
(i) Plants: Plants provide us fruits, vegetables, pulses, grains, cereals, etc.
(ii) Animals: Animals provide us milk, eggs, meat etc.

Q.5. Define the term herbivores.
Ans. The animals which eat only plants or plant products are called herbivores. For example, cow, goat, and buffalo.

Q.6. What are carnivores? Explain with examples.
Ans. The animals that eat other animals are called carnivores. For example, lion and tiger. Carnivores generally eat herbivores and other carnivores.

Q.7. Define the term omnivores.
Ans. The animals that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores. For example, cats, dog, and human beings.

Class 6 Science Chapter 1 LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. With the help of a flow chart show various contributors involved when we eat a chapatti.

Q.2. Make flow charts for the preparation of honey and ghee.

Ans. Preparation of honey:

Q. 3. Differentiate between herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Give two examples of each

Q. 4. (i) Name the different parts of a banana plant that are used as food.
(ii)  Animal food we get from water resources.
(iii) Four fruits which we eat as vegetables.
Ans. (i) Flower, fruit, and stem of banana.
(ii) Fish, prawn, lobustar and crabs.
(iii) Fruits of tomato, brinjal, Ladyfinger (bhindi), cucumber (Loki).

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