Classification of Animals - Chapter 3 Class 7 - Concise Biology Selina ICSE

 

Classification of Animals - Chapter 3

Class 7 - Concise Biology Selina

Based on the Vertebral Column

• Vertebrates: Animals with a backbone.
• Fish: Aquatic, cold-blooded, gills for breathing (e.g., shark, goldfish)
• Amphibians: Live on land and water, cold-blooded, metamorphosis (e.g., frog, salamander)
• Reptiles: Cold-blooded, scaly skin, lay eggs (e.g., snake, crocodile)
• Birds: Warm-blooded, feathers, wings, lay eggs (e.g., eagle, penguin)
• Mammals: Warm-blooded, hair or fur, produce milk (e.g., human, elephant)
• Invertebrates: Animals without a backbone.
• Arthropods: Largest group, jointed legs, exoskeleton (e.g., insect, spider, crab)
• Mollusks: Soft-bodied, often with a shell (e.g., snail, octopus)
• Worms: Long, soft-bodied, no legs (e.g., earthworm, leech)
• Echinoderms: Spiny-skinned, marine animals (e.g., starfish, sea urchin)

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• Terrestrial: Land-dwelling animals (e.g., lion, deer)
• Aquatic: Water-dwelling animals (e.g., whale, fish)
• Amphibious: Live both on land and water (e.g., frog, crocodile)
• Aerial: Air-dwelling animals (e.g., bird, bat)

Based on Diet

• Carnivores: Meat-eaters (e.g., lion, tiger)
• Herbivores: Plant-eaters (e.g., deer, rabbit)
• Omnivores: Eat both plants and animals (e.g., human, bear)

Based on Reproduction

• Oviparous: Lay eggs (e.g., chicken, snake)
• Viviparous: Give birth to live young (e.g., human, dog)
• Ovoviviparous: Eggs hatch inside the body (e.g., some snakes, sharks)

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

Identify the aquatic animal with scaly skin which breathe with gills:

1. Rohu
2. Tortoise
3. Sparrow
4. Rat

Answer

Rohu

Reason — Rohu is a fish.

Question 2

Identify the bird which can fly:

1. Peacock
2. House sparrow
3. Ostrich
4. Penguin

Answer

House sparrow

Reason — Peacock, Ostrich and Penguin are flightless birds.

Question 3

Identify the animal which is not an Arthropod:

1. Prawn
2. Butterfly
3. Earthworm
4. Spider

Answer

Earthworm

Reason — Earthworm is classified under Annelids.

Short Answer Questions

Question 1

Give two examples of each of the following:

(i) Amphibians (ii) Segmented worms (iii) Reptiles (iv) Coelenterates (v) Arthropods (vi) Flatworms

Answer

(i) Amphibians — Frog, Toad

(ii) Segmented worms — Earthworm, Leech

(iii) Reptiles — Lizard, Snake

(iv) Coelenterates — Hydra, Jellyfish

(v) Arthropods — Prawn, Ant

(vi) Flatworms — Tapeworm, Liverfluke

Question 2

Give names of two animals which are found as parasites inside the human intestine.

Answer

Two animals which are found as parasites inside the human intestine are Tapeworm and Roundworm.

Question 3

Name one example each of an animal which shows the following characteristics:

(i) Fixed animal with a pore-bearing body

(ii) Star-shaped body

(iii) Can live in water as well as on land

(iv) Has a flattened ribbon-like body

Answer

(i) Fixed animal with a pore-bearing body — Sponge

(ii) Star-shaped body — Starfish

(iii) Can live in water as well as on land — Frog

(iv) Has a flattened ribbon-like body — Tapeworm

Question 4

Write one difference between the followings:

(i) Write one difference between Porifera and Coelenterata.

Answer

Porifera	Coelenterata
Body is porous, i.e., bear many tiny pores to draw water into the body cavity and one large pore to pass it out.	The body is radially symmetrical i.e., the body can be divided into two identical halves along any plane.

(ii) Write one difference between Arthropoda and Mollusca.

Answer

Arthropoda	Mollusca
Their body is divided into three regions — head, thorax and abdomen.	Their body is soft and unsegmented.

(iii) Write one difference between Invertebrates and Vertebrates.

Answer

Invertebrates	Vertebrates
The animals that do not have a back bone are called invertebrates.	The animals that have a back bone are called vertebrates.

(iv) Write one difference between Platyhelminthes and Nematoda.

Answer

Platyhelminthes	Nematoda
Their body is thin and flat.	Their body is rounded and unsegmented.

Question 5

Match the animals given
under column A with
their respective classification group
given under column B.

Sl. No.	Column A	Column B
1.	Sponge	Amphibia
2.	Snail	Reptilia
3.	Butterfly	Echinodermata
4.	Toad	Mollusca
5.	Lizard	Arthropoda
6.	Starfish	Porifera

Answer

Sl. No.	Column A	Column B
1.	Sponge	Porifera
2.	Snail	Mollusca
3.	Butterfly	Arthropoda
4.	Toad	Amphibia
5.	Lizard	Reptile
6.	Starfish	Echinodermata

Question 6

Write the characteristics of
class Aves with reference to
their body covering and jaws.

Answer

Following are the characteristics of class Aves with reference to their body covering and jaws:

1. Body is covered with feathers.
2. Jaws are provided with horny beak but have no teeth.

Question 7

Categorise the following animals under
their appropriate columns of classification:

Dog, Grasshopper, Rat, Scorpion, Toad, Butterfly, Lizard, Turtle, Frog, Bat, Snail, Honey bee, Pigeon, Liverfluke, Leech, Cattle, Snake, Rohu, Parrot, Ascaris, Earthworm, Cow, Rabbit, Monkey, Elephant

Answer

Worms

1. Earthworm
2. Leech
3. Liver fluke
4. Ascaris

Molluscs

1. Snail

Fishes

1. Rohu

Amphibians

1. Toad
2. Frog

Reptiles

1. Lizard
2. Snake
3. Turtle

Birds

1. Pigeon
2. Parrot

Mammals

1. Rat
2. Bat
3. Cattle
4. Rabbit
5. Monkey
6. Elephant
7. Dog
8. Cow

Arthropods

1. Grasshopper
2. Butterfly
3. Honey bee
4. Scorpion

Question 8

Give three characteristic features of Amphibians which help to differentiate them from fishes.

Answer

Three characteristic features of Amphibians which help to differentiate them from fishes are:

1. They can live in water as well as on land.
2. They breathe through lungs and skin.
3. Body is covered by a slimy and slippery skin

Question 9

Why fishes are said to have a streamlined body? Name their respiratory organs.

Answer

The fishes have streamlined body which means that their body is narrow at both ends. This helps them to swim by minimizing the resistance of water.

The respiratory organ of fish is gills.

Question 10

Why Arthropods have been given this name? Name the four classes of phylum Arthropods giving one example each of the four classes.

Answer

The word 'Arthropod' has been derived from Greek words arthron and podos which means 'joint' and 'leg' respectively. The Arthropods have been given this name because they have jointed legs.

The four classes of phylum Arthropods are:

1. Crustacea— Example: Crab
2. Myriapoda— Example: Centipede
3. Insecta— Example: Housefly
4. Arachnida— Example: Spider

Question 11

Give two characteristic features of birds which enable them to fly. Name any two birds which cannot fly.

Answer

Two characteristic features of birds which enable them to fly are:

1. Their bones are hollow and light which make their body light.
2. They have wings to fly.

Two birds which cannot fly are Ostrich and Kiwi.

Question 12

Differentiate between flatworms and roundworms.

Answer

Sl. No.	Flatworms	Roundworms
1.	Flatworms have thin and flattened body.	Roundworms have rounded and unsegmented body.
2.	Flatworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes.	Roundworms belong to the phylum Nematoda.

Question 13

Animals cannot prepare their own food. What scientific name is given to such organisms.

Answer

The scientific name for such organisms is Heterotrophs.

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FAQs on Animal Classification

General Questions

Q: What is animal classification? A: Animal classification is a system of grouping animals based on shared characteristics. It helps us understand the relationships between different animals and organize the vast diversity of life.

Q: What are the main levels of classification? A: The main levels of classification are:

• Kingdom
• Phylum (or Division)
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

Q: What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates? A: Vertebrates have a backbone, while invertebrates do not.

Q: What are the five major groups of vertebrates? A: The five major groups of vertebrates are:

• Fish
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
• Birds
• Mammals

Specific Groups

Q: How are mammals different from other animals?

Answer: Mammals are warm-blooded, have hair or fur, and produce milk to feed their young.

Q: What are the characteristics of reptiles?

Answer: Reptiles are cold-blooded, have scaly skin, and lay eggs.

Q: How do amphibians differ from reptiles?

Answer: Amphibians can live both on land and in water, undergo metamorphosis, and have moist, permeable skin.

Q: What are the main characteristics of birds?

Answer: Birds are warm-blooded, have feathers, and lay eggs. They also have wings for flight, although not all birds can fly.

Q: What are the different types of invertebrates?

Answer: There are many types of invertebrates, including insects, spiders, crustaceans, mollusks, and worms.

Classification Criteria

Q: What factors are considered when classifying animals?

Answer: Animals are classified based on various characteristics such as:

• Physical features (body structure, number of legs, etc.)
• Embryological development
• Genetic makeup
• Behavioral patterns

Q: Can animals be classified in multiple ways?

Answer: Yes, animals can be classified in multiple ways depending on the criteria used. For example, an animal can be classified as a mammal based on its reproductive characteristics and as a carnivore based on its diet.

Q: Is animal classification a fixed system?

Answer: No, animal classification is constantly evolving as new information and discoveries are made.

 

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